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While acute stress keeps animals alive in the wild, chronic stress damages the body. In shelter dogs or confined livestock, prolonged high cortisol levels suppress the immune system, slow down wound healing, and alter brain structure, leading to severe behavioral depression or stereotypic behaviors (like pacing or cribbing). 4. Behavioral Pharmacology: When Training Isn't Enough

Noise phobias, particularly to fireworks and thunder, are common. Management includes providing a safe hiding space, using noise-canceling strategies, and administering short-acting situational medications during events. Future Horizons in Behavioral Vet Science While acute stress keeps animals alive in the

⚠️ Avoid benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam) in aggressive animals without hospitalization – they can disinhibit aggression. Avoid high-dose trazodone with SSRIs (serotonin syndrome risk). slow down wound healing

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